Digital Agriculture and Artificial Intelligence: Transforming Data into Sustainable Decisions

Abstract

Agriculture is entering a new digital era driven by artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT),
remote sensing, and data analytics. These technologies are revolutionizing the way food is produced,
processed, and distributed. By enabling predictive, data-driven, and site-specific management of
resources, digital agriculture offers a pathway toward sustainable intensification, climate resilience,
and food system transformation. This review synthesizes current trends and research on the role of AI
in agriculture, from precision farming and crop monitoring to supply-chain optimization and climate
adaptation. It also discusses the social, ethical, and infrastructural challenges that accompany
digitalization, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The paper concludes that while AI
cannot replace human expertise, it can augment it—turning data into actionable intelligence for
sustainability.